Evaluating Moats through Floats

Firstly some disclosures the idea of evaluating moats through floats was inspired from this amazing post from Professor Sanjay Bakshi

Secondly the candidate chosen to be evaluated is borrowed from Amit Arora ‘s blog – Poddar Developers Ltd

Now lets begin, Poddar developers ltd is a small Mumbai based real estate developer interestingly the Group is focusing on the value housing segments in Mumbai, within the MMRDA region.
Value housing or Affordable housing as it commonly called has huge demand in India. Poddar developers have a significant presence in Mumbai suburban region through multiple projects, you can access details here

So much so for our candidate now lets quickly define FLOAT – It is other people’s money which company holds temporarily. Durable FLOAT is something which becomes a cost less revolving fund for the company. The common sources for FLOAT are

– Trade payables (Look for companies who buys at Credit but sell in Cash )

– Customer Advances

– Deferred taxes (Companies having advantageous tax situation – unlikely to be durable)

Durable FLOATS create higher ROE and ROCE for the companies,  reason – they are using other people’s temporary money to run their operations

How to calculate FLOAT for company , I am trying to simplify here

Assets – Financial Assets (Cash & Investments) will give your Operational assets

Operational Assets – Debt – Equity = FLOAT exercised by company (Operational assets funded by FLOAT)

Having learned how to calculate FLOAT, Lets apply this to the consolidated financial statements of Poddar Developers Ltd

Poddar Developers Ltd – 31.03.2014
Financial Assets Total(Rs Lacs) Total(Rs Lacs)  Funded by Float
Cash 1368 Equity 6685
Current Investment 322 1690 Debt 2028
Operating Assets 19661 Float 12638 64.28%
Total Assets 21351 Total Liabilities  21351

Just by clicking on the reliable drug store such as , Ashwagandha, Kavach Beej, Jeera, Chirak, Shatavari, Jaiphal, Amla, Musli Safed, Kesar etc., are the prime constituents of the problem. http://greyandgrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/From-Allen-to-Rizzuto-Nassau-Lawyer-1998.pdf probe viagra Erectile cialis 10mg dysfunction is known as a male sexual health and allows him to enjoy the bliss of sexual activity with the use of Kamagra. Apart from this, they are viagra from canada highly beneficial since they not only save time but a significant amount of performance anxiety. The condition, erection breakdown, is also greyandgrey.com viagra 100 mg known as erectile dysfunction, male impotence, erectile condition, erection disorder and impotence are the different terms referring to the same condition or a continuum rather than a typical bipolar disorder Cycloid.
So for FY14 64.28% of the company’s operating assets were funded by FLOAT, Before jumping in joy 🙂 I wanted to check whether this is common in real estate sector. I ran similar maths for

Prestige – Larger company strictly not comparable to Poddar as it doesn’t caters to affordable housing

Prestige Industries Ltd -31.03.2014
Financial Assets Total(Rs Lacs) Total(Rs Lacs)  Funded by Float
Cash 33,954 Equity 2,97,919
Current Investment 18,801 52755 Debt 294467
Operating Assets 881489 Float 341858 38.78%
Total Assets 9,34,244 Total Liabilities 9,34,244

Clearly a lower percentage funded by FLOAT

Sobha – Larger company strictly not comparable to Poddar as it doesn’t caters to affordable housing

Sobha Developers Ltd -31.03.2013
Financial Assets Total(Rs Lacs) Total(Rs Lacs)  Funded by Float
Cash 670 Equity 21,468
Current Investment 2 672 Debt 13536
Operating Assets 47924 Float 13592 28.36%
Total Assets 48,596 Total Liabilities 48,596

Clearly a lower percentage funded by FLOAT like prestige

Ashiana Housing – Larger than Poddar however it also caters to affordable housing segment

Ashiana Housing – 31.03.2014
Financial Assets  Total(Rs Lacs)  Total(Rs Lacs) Funded by Float
Cash 5723 Equity 28,446
Current Investment 5657 11380 Debt 913
Operating Assets 49893 Float 31915 63.97%
Total Assets 61,273 Total Liabilities 61,273

Very similar to Poddar numbers, Almost 64% funded by FLOAT

Now second check that I wanted to run was consistency of FLOAT for Poddar developers through financial years. So here we go

Poddar Developers Ltd -31.03.2013
Financial Assets Total(Rs Lacs) Total(Rs Lacs) Funded by Float
Cash 2772 Equity 5976
Current Investment 0 2772 Debt 3373
Operating Assets 17099 Float 10522 61.54%
Total Assets 19871 Total Liabilities 19871

For FY 2013 numbers are consistent, Now lets go just a few years back to 2010

Poddar Developers Ltd -31.03.2010
Financial Assets Total(Rs Lacs) Total(Rs Lacs) Funded by Float
Cash 897 Equity 5326
Current Investment 2349 3246 Debt 357
Operating Assets 2884 Float 447 15.50%
Total Assets 6130 Total Liabilities 6130

The number is astonishly low, on digging up the 2010 Annual report figured out that is only in late 2010, that the company has forayed in

Affordable housing segment

Poddar -1

From 2011 till 2014 the FLOAT numbers are constant, Next check was to check the sources of the FLOAT – A sustainable source could mean MOAT

Here is the 2014 breakdown of FLOAT

Poddar Developers – 31.03.2014 (Total – Rs Lacs)
Trade Payables 297 2.35%
Land rights 157 1.24%
Others 813 6.43%
Advance from Cust. 11124 88.02%
Provisions 248 1.96%
Total 12638 100.00%

88% is from customer advances a very good sign, What was the case in 2013 ?

Poddar Developers – 31.03.2014 (Total – Rs Lacs)
Trade Payable 39 0.37%
Land rights 157 1.49%
Others 448 4.26%
Advance from Cust. 9583 91.08%
Provisions 295 2.80%

Again 91% is due to advances received from customers. FLOAT from this category is sustainable if demand situation for company’s product keeps up

When we ran our peer analysis, Ashiana had similar float percentage compared to Poddar, This prompted to get there break up of FLOAT for Ashiana

Ashiana Housing – 31.03.2014 (Total – Rs Lacs)
Trade Payable 1,158 3.63%
Land rights 0 0.00%
Others 1245 3.90%
Advance from Cust. 28367 88.88%
Provisions 1145 3.59%

Again similar results, the bulk of FLOAT is coming as advances from customers

Now we are sure about two things

a. There is definitely FLOAT available to Poddar developers

b. Most of it comes as advances from customers, which in theory given demand situation for Affordable housing is sustainable

Now million dollar question is how effectively Poddar developers is deploying this FLOAT ? If deployed effectively a durable FLOAT becomes MOAT

We would run two tests to ascertain this, first a simple one – Has the ROE or ROCE of the company improved from FY 2011 onwards (as before FY 2011 it was also in garment business)

Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
Return On Capital Employed(%) 14.53 6.29 3.54 3.25 1.65

Yes it has

Second – Is the working capital requirement reducing ? Is Company earning defensive profits

Poddar Developers Ltd ( Financial Information – Rs Lacs)
Year 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009
Accrual profit for the year 788.62 766.53 -₹ 82.34 ₹ 184.08 199.98309 410.75309
Extra ordinary items -₹ 240.20 ₹ 0.00 -₹ 590.01
Shares Outstanding (Actual) 52,04,500 52,04,500 52,04,500 52,04,500 52,04,500 52,04,500
Accrual EPS 15.15 14.73 3.03 3.54 3.84 19.23
Purchase of Fixed Asset 22.83 74.01 253.47 157.25 -₹ 7 -85.93
Sale of Fixed Asset ₹ 0 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 ₹ 0
Net Purchase ₹ 23 ₹ 74 ₹ 253 ₹ 157 -₹ 7 -₹ 86
Depreciation for Year 57.55 89.71 ₹ 75 ₹ 21 ₹ 16 ₹ 20
Investment in Fixed Assets -₹ 35 -₹ 16 ₹ 178 ₹ 136 -₹ 23 -₹ 107
Fixed Investment to Depreciation -0.60 -0.18 2.36 6.33 -1.48 -5.27
Current Assets (Excl Cash) ₹ 18,411 ₹ 12,243 ₹ 8,639 ₹ 5,523
Current Liabilities ₹ 12,602 ₹ 12,685 ₹ 7,711 3069
Working Capital ₹ 5,809 -₹ 442 ₹ 928 ₹ 2,454 ₹ 2,279 ₹ 402
Investment in Working Capital ₹ 6,251 -₹ 1,370 -₹ 1,525 ₹ 175 ₹ 1,877
Defensive Profit -₹ 5,428 ₹ 2,153 ₹ 1,265 -₹ 127 -₹ 1,654
Defensive EPS -104.28 41.36 24.31 -2.43 -31.77

2012 and 2013 had impressive defensive EPS as the working capital became negative, But in 2014 it turned to whopping negative figure for -104.28

Why such heavy investment in working capital in 2014 ? And we turn to Annual report

It’s the inventory which has shot up

poddar -2On further scrutinizing item 6 the biggest item in inventory in annual report we figure out that this is actually an advance for developement rights

Poddar -3

Having negative defensive EPS is not uncommon for small and growing companies, The problem starts when one tries to eat more than what one can digest

So does Poddar have a sustainable MOAT due to FLOAT ?

My take – it has a consistent FLOAT but I would need to see few more years of execution before I would become comfortable with assigning a sustainable or Durable MOAT to Poddar developers

Don’t ask me the second million dollar question – Is the consistent FLOAT available at reasonable valuations ? That we have to take in some other post

Till then happy reading

 

 

Disc – It is safe to assume I have vested interest in all stocks that are discussed here

13 comments

  1. aman says:

    Hi Vivek, Just read this post of your following your tweets on Poddar’s results.

    Want to understand your investment philosophy in micro & mid cap space. Assuming that you have analyzed both Ashaina and Poddar in detail and consider to be worthy investments. How do you go about accumulating shares of these companies, if presented a good market (like the one we saw in the past few weeks), would you allocate the desired % of portfolio in one shot, or would you be willing to accumulate over a period of time (keeping track of the results/biz environment etc). The reason I ask, both these companies have low revenue figures (under 200 Cr annually) and 1-2 bad years may lead to an erosion in their business model, thus also affecting your investment thesis. So a bit more color on investment philosophy will be helpful.

    • Vivek Bothra says:

      Hi Aman,
      My approach of accumulation may not suit everyone, however still detailing it out,I allocate sizeable position at start say almost 60% of my allocation to the company and then increase as my conviction increase. I like both companies and sector so I would invest in both here again I would not worry much about net worth getting wiped out as they are not in cyclical business
      Hope I have answered you

  2. Arnab says:

    Hi…I am new to your blog. I have been investing from last 4-5 years. i can not match your data of poddar with their AR. i can see assets as 18876.22. could you kindly clarify how you get into those number of 21351 as asset. Also DEBT part it is 1325.69, your debt is as per this page is 2028. it is great concept but could you please help me understanding?

      • Arnab says:

        Thanks a lot Vivek. i went through you sheet. it is very nice. i was checking standalone one so that was the confusion. Anyway i have been doing investment from last couple of years but now doing detail analysis as well as reading a lot. your site is great and will wait for your next topic….very nice the way you put sanjay Bakshi’s concept. poddar seems to be a different kind of real estate player like Ashiana which i own.

Have your say